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42
3lie
WATCHTOWER..
BROOKLYN,
N.
Y.
about
every
third
year.
In
every
cycle
of
nineteen
years
they
had
seven
such
lunar
years
of
thirteen
months.
The
years
of
thirteen
months
in
such
a
19-year
cycle
were
the
3d,
6th,
8th,
11th,
14th,
17th,
and
19th.·
THEOCRATIC
METHOD
11
The
method
of
calculating
Nisan
14
of
each
year
for
the
Memorial
celebration
by
Jehovah's
witnesses,
the
method
we
follow
now,
was
simply
stated
in
the
Watchtower
issue
of
March
15,
1907,
page
87,
under
the
heading
"The
Date
of
the
Memorial
Supper".
It
states:
"As
we
all
know,
the
Jews
used
the
moon
more
than
we
do
in
the
reckoning
of
their
time.
Each
new
moon
represented
the
beginning
of
a
new
month.
The
new
moon
which
came
closest
to
the
spring
equi
nox
was
reckoned
the
beginning
of
the
ecclesias
tical
year,
and
beginning
the
fifteenth
day
of
that
month
the
[seven-day]
feast
of
Passover
lasting
a
week
was
celebrated."
In
that
year
of
1907
the
new
moon
nearest
the
spring
equinox
came
ahead
of
it.
How
do
we
know?
Because
the
passover
date,
which
comes
on
the
14th
day
of
that
moon
or
month,
fell
only
7
or
8
days
after
the
spring
equinox,
or
on
~larch
28.
As
the
Watchtower
article
said:
"The
date
of
this
celebration
this
year
of
[1907]
will
fall
on
March
28
after
6
p.m.,
because
at
that
hour
begins
the
fourteenth
day
of
the
month
Nisan,
according
to
the
Jewish
reckoning."
12
Another
case
of
where
the
new
moon
began
before
the
spring
equinox
was
in
the
year
33
(A.D.).
•
Write,
:Hark
P.
Lindo,
the
Dutch
prose-writer
of
English
.J
ewish
descent,
of
the
last
century:
"The
Jewish
year
is
luni-solar,
for
although
the
months
are
lunar,
our
calculations
being
founded
on
the
lunar
cycle,
every
19th
year
we
come
to
the
same
date
in
the
solar
year.
The
[19-year]
cycle
contains
235
lunations,
which
we
diyide
into
twelve
years
of
12
months,
and
seven
(termed
Embolismic)
of
13
months.
The
celebrated
mathematician
Meton
of
Athens,
who
flourished
B.C.
432,
...
made
the
same
division
of
time,
but
by
malnng
every
third
year
embolismic,
the
18th
and
19th
were
both
of
13
months;
by
our
arrangement
the
solar
and
lunar
years
are
better
equalIzed
....
The
embolismic
year
is
formed
by
the
introduction
of
an
intercalary
month,
immediately
after
Adar,
which
is
called
Ve-adar,
or
Second
Adar
....
The
reason
of
the
introduction
at
that
period
is
that
the
Passover
may
be
kept
in
its
proper
season,
which
is
the
full
moon
of
the
vernal
equinox,
or
after
the
sun
has
entered
Aries;
it
is
indifferent
at
what
period
of
it
the
full
moon
happens,
but
it
must
be
kept
while
the
sun
is
in
that
sign.
That
a
tIme
was
fixed
for
its
observance
is
shown
in
Numbers
9:
2,
'Let
the
children
of
Israel
also
keep
the
Passover
at
its
apPQinted
season.'
...
In
the
embolismic
years
[namely,
the
3d,
6th,
8th,
11th,
14th,
17th,
and
19th
of
the
19-year
cycle],
Adar
has
30
[days],
and
the
intercalary
month
Ve-adar
29."
See
The
Watch
Tower
of
February
1,
1908,
under
the
heading
"The
Passover
in
the
First
Month",
pages
35,
36.
As
at
the
end
of
19
years
the
moon
returns
to
have
her
changes
on
the
same
days
of
the
solar
year
and
of
the
month
on
which
they
happened
i9
years
before,
it
follows
that
by
the
use
of
a
<'ycle
consisting
of
19
numbers,
the
various
changes
of
the
moon
for
every
year
may
be
found
out
without
using
astronomical
tables.
See
"Date
of
Paschal
Full
Moon",
showing
the
"Golden
Num
ber,"
in
any
comprehensive
almanac,
such
as
The
World
.Almanac
and
book
of
facts,
published
in
New
York.
11.
12.
How
do
we
calculate
Scripturally
wben
Nisan
14
tails?
Since
Jesus
was
killed
Friday
afternoon,
April
3,
he
celebrated
the
MEimorial
supper
Thursday
night,
April
2.
Hence
the
new
moon
that
year
began
before
the
spring
equinox;
it
began
on
Thursday,
March
20.
Thus
is
demonstrated
that
the
Scriptural
method
was
to
reckon
the
passover
night
counting
from
the
new
moon
nearest
to
the
spring
equinox,
and
not
always
from
the
first
new
moon
beginning
after
the
spring
equinox.
(See
footnote.·)
18
Since
Jesus
instituted
the
Memorial
supper
on
the
night
of
the
passover
supper,
or
the
night
of
Nisan
14,
then
by
ascertaining
when
Nisan
14
falls
this
year
of
1948
we
learn
the
night
when
the
memo
rial
of
Christ's
death
must
be
celebrated
Theo
cratically.
14
We
must
be
guided
by
Jerusalem
time.
The
new
moon
nearest
to
the
1948
spring
equinox
occurs
Wednesday,
March
10,
at
about
11:
40
p.m.
This
moon
would
not
be
visible
in
the
southwest
heavens
until
about
30
hours
later,t
or
not
before
5:
40
a.m.
of
March
12.
It
would
therefore
not
become
visible
to
the
inhabitants
of
Jerusalem
before
the
early
hours
of
March
12.
Hence
it
would
be
proper
to
begin
the
first
day
of
the
month
Nisan
the
following
night,
March
12.
Since
Nisan
1
begins
the
night
of
March
12,
then
Nisan
14
would
begin
the
night
of
Thursday,
March
25,1948.
The
moon
becomes
full
that
same
day
of
March
25
at
5:
34:
52
a.m.,
or
about
5:
35
a.m.,
at
Jerusalem.
Accordingly,
March
25,
Thursday,
after
6
p.m.
or
sundown,
will
be
the
proper
time
for
the
members
of
the
''body
of
Christ"
to
observe
the
Me
morial
as
Jesus
commanded
them
to
do
on
Nisan
14
more
than
nineteen
hundred
years
ago.
From
this
our
readers
will
see
we
do
not
observe
the
19-year
cycle
of
the
Jews,
which
cycle
was
adopted
by
the
Jews
several
centuries
after
Christ
for
calculating
the
date
of
their
months
and
holidays.
Followers
of
Christ
are
not
under
the
Mosaic
law
covenant,
•
Smith's
Dictionary
of
the
Bible,
Volume
3
(edihon
of
1863),
under
the
heading
"Year",
says
on
page
1804:
"It
is
certam
that
the
[Jewish]
months
werE'
lunar,
each
commencmg
with
a
new
moon
....
According
to
the
observations
of
modern
travellers,
barley
is
ripe,
in
the
warmest
parts
of
Palestine,
in
the
first
days
of
April.
The
barley-harvest
therefore
begins
about
half
a
month
or
less
after
the
vernal
equinox.
Each
year,
if
solar,
would
thus
begin
at
about
that
equinox,
when
the
earliest
ears
of
burley
must
be
ripe.
As,
however,
the
[Jewish]
months
were
lunar,
the
com
mencement
of
the
year
must
have
been
fixed
by
n
new
moon
near
this
point
of
time.
The
new
moon
must
have
been
that
which
fell
about
or
next
after
the
equinox,
not
more
than
a
few
days
before,
on
account
of
the
offering
of
the
first-frnlts."
It
is
also
likely
that
th~
ancient
Israelites
determined
their
new
year's
day
in
the
spring
by
the
risings
and
settings
of
the
sun
and
other
stars
which
were
known
to
mark
the
right
tune
of
the
solu
year.
t
Says
Jas.
Hastings!
Dictionary
of
the
Bible
(1898),
Volume
1,
page
411:
"It
is
pOSSible,
by
adding
so
many
hours
(not
less
than
about
30)
for
the
crescent
[moon]
to
become
visible,
and
by
takmg
the
first
sunset
after
that,
to
know
when
each
month
ought
to
have
begun."
13.
14.
How
do
we
calculate
NII!llD
14
tor
tbls
year
or
1048?
42 She WATCHTOWER. about every third year. In every cycle of nineteen years they had seven such lunar years of thirteen months. The years of thirteen months in such a 19-year cycle were the 3d, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th, and 19th.* THEOCRATIC METHOD *t The method of calculating Nisan 14 of each year for the Memorial celebration by Jehovah’s witnesses, the method we follow now, was simply stated in the Watchtower issue of March 15, 1907, page 87, under the heading “The Date of the Memorial Supper”. It states: “As we all know, the Jews used the moon more than we do in the reckoning of their time. Hach new moon represented the beginning of a new month. The new moon which came closest to the spring equinox was reckoned the beginning of the ecclesiastical year, and beginning the fifteenth day of that month the [seven-day] feast of Passover lasting a week was celebrated.” In that year of 1907 the new moon nearest the spring equinox came ahead of it. How do we know? Because the passover date, which comes on the 14th day of that moon or month, fell only 7 or 8 days after the spring equinox, or on March 28. As the Watchtower article said: “The date of this celebration this year of [1907] will fall on March 28 after 6 p.m., because at that hour begins the fourteenth day of the month Nisan, according to the Jewish reckoning.” 22 Another case of where the new moon began before the spring equinox was in the year 33 (A.D.). * Writes Mark P. Lindo, the Dutch prose-writer of HEnglishJewish descent, of the last century: “The Jewish year is luni-solar, for although the months are lunar, our calculations being founded on the lunar cycle, every 19th year we come to the same date in the solar year. The [19-year] cycle contains 235 lunations, which we divide into twelve years of 12 months, and seven (termed Embolismie) of 13 months. The celebrated mathematician Meton of Athens, who flourished B.C. 432,...made the same division of time, but by making every third year embolismic, the 18th and 19th were both of 13 months; by our arrangement the solar and lunar years are better equalized.... The embolismic year is formed by the introduction of an intercalary month, immediately after Adar, which is called Ve-adar, or Second Adar.... The reason of the introduction at that period is that the Passover may be kept in its proper season, which is the full moon of the vernal equinox, or after the sun has entered Aries; it is indifferent at what period of it the full moon happens, but it must be kept while the sun is in that sign. That a time was fixed for its observance is shown in Numbers 9: 2, ‘Let the children of Israel also keep the Passover at its appointed season.’...In the embolismic years [namely, the 3d, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th, and 19th of the 19-year cycle], Adar has 30 [days}, and the intercalary month Ve-adar 29.” See The Watch Tower of February 1, 1908, under the heading “The Passover in the First Month”, pages 35, 36. As at the end of 19 years the moon returns to have her changes on the same days of the solar year and of the month on which they happened 19 years before, it follows that by the use of a eycle consisting of 19 numbers, the various changes of the moon for every year may be found out without using astronomical tables, See “Date of Paschal Full Moon”, showing the “Golden Number,” in any comprehensive almanac, such as The World Almanac and book of facts, published in New York. 11, 12. How do we calculate Seripturally when Nisan 14 falls? Brooxtyy, N. Y. Since Jesus was killed Friday afternoon, April 3, he celebrated the Mémorial supper Thursday night, April 2. Hence the new moon that year began before the spring equinox; it began on Thursday, March 20. Thus is demonstrated that the Scriptural method was to reckon the passover night counting from the new moon nearest to the spring equinox, and not always from the first new moon beginning after the spring equinox. (See footnote.*) 18 Since Jesus instituted the Memorial supper on the night of the passover supper, or the night of Nisan 14, then by ascertaining when Nisan 14 falls this year of 1948 we learn the night when the memorial of Christ’s death must be celebrated Theocratically. * We must be guided by Jerusalem time. The new moon nearest to the 1948 spring equinox occurs Wednesday, March 10, at about 11:40 p.m. This moon would not be visible in the southwest heavens until about 30 hours later,t or not before 5: 40 a.m. of March 12. It would therefore not become visible to the inhabitants of Jerusalem before the early hours of March 12. Hence it would be proper to begin the first day of the month Nisan the following night, March 12. Since Nisan 1 begins the night of March 12, then Nisan 14 would begin the night of Thursday, March 25, 1948. The noon becomes full that same day of March 25 at 5:34:52 a.m., or about 5:35 a.m., at Jerusalem. Accordingly, March 25, Thursday, after 6 p.m. or sundown, will be the proper time for the members of the “body of Christ” to observe the Memorial as Jesus commanded them to do on Nisan 14 more than nineteen hundred years ago. From this our readers will see we do not observe the 19-year cycle of the Jews, which cycle was adopted by the Jews several centuries after Christ for calculating the date of their months and holidays. Followers of Christ are not under the Mosaic law covenant, * Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible, Volume 3 (edition of 1863), under the heading “Year”, says on page 1804: “It is certain that the [Jewish] months were lunar, each commencing with a new moon.... According to the observations of modern travellers, barley is ripe, in the warmest parts of Palestine, in the first days of April. The barley-harvest therefore begins about half a month or less after the vernal equinox. Each year, if solar, would thus begin at about that equinox, when the earliest ears of barley must be ripe. As, however, the [Jewish] months were lunar, the commencement of the year must have been fixed by a new moon near this point of time. The new moon must have been that which fell about or next after the equinox, not more than a few days before, on account of the offering of the first-fruits.” It is also likely that the ancient Israelites determined their new year’s day in the spring by the risings and settings of the sun and other stars which were known to mark the right time of the solar year. + Says Jas. Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible (1898), Volume 1, page 411: “It is possible, by adding so many hours (not less than about 30) for the crescent [moon] to become visible, and by taking the first sunset after that, to know when each month ought to have begun.” 13, 14. How do we calculate Nisan 14 for this year of 1948?
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