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VOL.
XXV
ALLEGHENY,
PA.,
JANUARY
15,
1904
No.2
VIEWS
FROM
THE
WATCH
TOWER
The
foregoing
sentiment,
expressed
by
W.
B.
Brinton,
presi
dent
of
the
Peru
Plow
Company,
was
cheered
by
600
members
of
the
Illinois
Manufacturers'
Association
at
their
annual
banquet.
"Our
rights,"
declared
Mr.
Brinton,
"are
dependent
on
the
settlement
of
the
question
once
for
all
as
to
whether
an
employer
can
hire
whom
he
pleases
without
being
subject
to
the
dictation
of
any
organized
body.
The
Chicago
City
Railway
has
won
a
great
victory
in
establishing
its
right
to
engage
its
own
em
ployees.
Without
this
right,
which
is
becoming
recognized
by
the
great
mass
of
people,
the
commercial
supremacy
of
the
United
States
will
be
at
an
end."
FERTILIZING
SOIL
WITH
BACTERIA
Because
we
are
in
the
dawning
of
the
Millenium,
the
Lord
is
graciously
lifting
the
curtain
and
letting
in
the
light
upon
one
subject
after
another.-to
prepare
for
the
great
hIes
sinO's
of
that
glo1"'ious
time
and
its
re-awakened
billions
of
hum~nity.
From
this
standpoint
the
following
article
from
the
Literary
Digest
will
be
read
with
interest.
It
shows
one
of
the
ways
the
Lord's
promises
may
be
expected
to
be
fulfilled
and
cause
the
wilderness
to
blossom
as
the
rose.
And
every
evidence
of
the
kind
adds
to
our
general
faith
in
our
Father's
willingness
and
ability
to
do
all
that
he
has
spoken
by
the
mouths
of
all
his
holy
prophets
since
the
world
began.
The
article
follows:-
Soil
that
will
not
bear
crops
is
suffering
from
starvation.
This
may
be
remedied
by
properly
"feeding"
it
with
fertilizers;
but
in
certain
cases
the
trouble
may
also
be
cured,
like
some
diseases,
by
inoculation.
In
other
words,
soil
deficient
in
nitro
genous
matter
may
be
treated
with
cultures
of
certain
bacteria
that
enable
plants
to
absorb
and
utilize
atmospheric
nitrogen,
as
has
been
shown
in
Germany
by
Professor
Nobbe.
Fertiliz
ing
material
sufficient
for
an
acre
may
now
be
purchased
in
a
sm.all
~lass
bottle
..
Ra.y
Stannard
Baker
tells
in
IIarper's
Ma,g
azvne
Just
how
thIS
dIscovery
was
made
and
how
it
has
been
util~zed
..
According
to
Mr.
Baker,
it
had
its
beginning
in
the
ear
her
dIscovery
that
plants
are
fed
largely
from
substances
in
the
air
and
from
consequent
study
of
the
problem
of
how
the
plant
is
able
to
appropriate
this
aerial
food.
Says
the
writer:
"The
chief
chemical
elements
in
all
vegetable
substances
are
oxygen,
carbon,
hydrogen,
and
nitrogen
.....
Nitrogen
is
the
all.impo!tant
element.
Potassium
and
phosphorous
are
usually
present
m
abundance,
or
they
can
be
easily
suppIied
in
the
form
of
wood-ashes
and
other
fertilizers;
but
nitrogen
is
more
expen
sive
and
more
difficult
to
restore.
Nitrogen
is
what
makes
the
muscles
and
brain
of
It
man;
it
is
the
essential
element
of
all
elements
in
the
growth
of
animals
and
plants
.....
If
the
world
ever
starves,
it
will
be
from
lack
of
nitrogen;
and
yet
if
such
starvation.
takes
place,
it
will
be
in
a
world
full
of
nitrogen.
For
there
IS
not
one
of
the
elements
more
common
than
nitrogen.
not
one
present
around
us
in
larger
quantities.
Four-fifths
of
every
breath
of
air
we
breath
is
pure
nitrogen-four-fifths
of
all
the
earth's
atmosphere
is
nitrogen.
If
mankind
dies
of
nitrogen
starvation,
it
will
die
with
food
everywhere
about
it
and
within
it.
"But
unfortunately
plants
and
animals
are
unable
to
take
up
nitrogen
in
its
pure
form
as
it
appears
in
the
air.
It
must
be
combined
with
hydrogen
in
the
form
of
ammonia
or
in
some
nitrate.
These
facts
have
been
well
known
to
science
for
many
y;ars.
At
the
same
time
it
has
been
known,
as
a
matter
of
expe
rIence
among
farmers,
that
when
land
is
worn
out
by
overcrop
ping,
with
wheat
or
oats,
for
instance,
both
of
which
draw
heavily
?n
the
earth's.
nitrogen
supply,
certain
other
crops
would
stIll
grow
luxurIantly
upon
it,
and
that
if
these
crops
are
left
and
plowed
in,
the
fertility
of
the
soil
will
be
restored
and
it
will
again
produce
large
1ililds
of
wheat
and
other
nitro:
/1;en:demanding
plants..
These
restorative
crops
are
clover,
lupm,
and
other
legummous
plants-a
classification
including
bf'ans
and
peas.
Everyone
who
is
at
all
familiar
with
farminO'
operations
has
heard
of
seeding
down
an
old
field
to
clove;
thereby
restoring
its
fertility
in
a
degree."
,
That
this
property
of
clover,
beans,
etc.
is
due
to
small
nodules
growing-
on
their
roots,
and
that
thes~
are
produced
by
so-ca~led
.
"nitrif!ing-"
bacteria!
is
now
known
to
all
students
of
SCIentIfic
agrIculture.
Actmg
on
this
knowledge
Professor
Nobbe
has
developed
his
plan
for
soil-inoculation.
'
Says
Mr.
Baker:
."If
these
nodules
were
produced
by
bacteria,
then
the
bac
terIa
m.ust
be
present.
in
the
soil;
and
if
they
were
not
present,
would
It
not
b~
po~sIble
to
supply
them
by
artificial
means?
In
othe:
words,
If
SOlI,
even
worn-out
farm
soii--or,
indeed,
pure
sand,
hke
that
of
the
seashore-eould
thus
be
inoculated
as
a
physician
inoculates
'a
guinea
pig
with
anthrax
germs,
w~uld
[3303]
(l9-20)
"Condition
of
Anarchy"
"A
condition
of
anarchy
has
existed
continuously
in
some
States
for
months
past,
and,
in
fact,
the
acts
of
lawlessness
committed
under
the
sacred
name
of
labor
are
of
such
frequent
recurrence
that
the
public
sense
of
their
enormity
has
become
blunterl.
The
period
of
grea,t
prosperity
brought
about
by
the
unrestricted
operation
of
the
law
of
supply
and
demand
is
also
being
destroyed
by
the
acts
of
violence
of
organized
labor,
and
as
a
result
we
are
now
confronted
with
the
possibility
of
a
period
of
depression.
"While
we
most
emphatically
object
to
being
classed
as
ene
mies
of
organizations
of
labor
that
are
conducted
upon
lawful
and
beneficent
lines,
yet
we
are
unalterably
opposed
to
the
pres
ent
programme
of
violence,
boycotting,
and
tyranny
now
being
carried
out
by
the
majority
of
labor
unions.
"We
therefore
urge
the
rapid
organization
of
those
who
believe
in
the
maintenance
of
law
and
order
and
the
perpetua
tion
of
our
free
institutions,
to
the
end
that
they
may
wield
their
full
and
proper
influence
upon
the
destinies
of
the
nation.
Since
organizations
exist
for
the
apparent
purpose
of
defying
law
and
common
sense,
and
are
able
to
intimidate
and
influence
public
men
and
municipal
authorities,
there
is
no
alternative
left
to
those
who
desire
to
preserve
bearable
conditions
in
our
body
politic
than
that
of
forming'
counter
organizations.
"It
is
only
through
the
machinery
of
organization
that
we
can
hope
to
exercise
a
potent
and
salutary
influence
over
public
thought
and
the
conduct
of
public
officials,
to
the
end
that
the
rights
of
American
citizenship
can
be
assured
to
free
and
inde
pendent
labor,
the
rights
of
property
protected
and
legislation
of
a
socialistic
nature
prevented
from
being'
enacted
into
law."
Strong
Words
at
the
Chicago
Session.
Bloodshed
Predicted
"If
the
fight
for
the
closed
shop
is
allowed
to
continue
there
will
be
scenes
of
bloodshed
in
this
country
that
will
surpass
the
days
of
the
French
revolution.
The
closed
shop
is
un-American,
unrighteous,
a
restriction
of
liberties
of
our
people,
and
a
death
blow
to
the
individualism
that
makes
for
success."
Platform
Ado!)ted
"The
following-
platform
was
adopted
as
an
open
letter
to
the
public
and
affiliated
associations:
"Resolved,
by
the
executive
committee
of
the
Citizens'
Industrial
Association
of
America,
that
the
present
industrial
conditions
have
become
so
deplorable
by
reason
of
the
inde
fensible
methods
and
claims
of
organized
labor
that
the
time
has
come
when
the
employing
interests
and
good
citizenship
of
the
country
must
take
immediate
and
effective
measures
to
reaffirm
and
enforce
these
fundamental
principles
of
American
government
guaranteeing
free
competitive
conditions.
"In
its
demand
for
the
closed
shop
organized
labor
is
seeking
to
overthrow
individual
liberty
and
property
rights,
the
prin
cipal
props
of
our
government.
Its
methods
for
securing
this
revolutionary
and
socialistic
change
in
our
institutions
are
also
those
of
physical
warfare.
Because
of
this
warfare
the
industrial
interests
of
the
nation
during
the
last
years
have
been
injured
to
an
irrepa,rable
degree.
Many
firms
have
been
driven
into
bankruptcy,
and
the
cases
are
innumerable
in
which
workingmen
have
been
disabled
and
even
murdered,
while
numerous
families
have
been
rendered
destitute
by
reason
of
the
tyranny
and
seditious
attacks
upon
society
by
the
strike
organi
zations.
EMPLOYERS
OF
LABOR
AGITATING
These
are
the
Conditions
We
have
been
Announcing
Since
1875,
as
Evidences
that
We
are
in
the
Great
"Day
of
the
Lord"
and
that
its
Battle
or
Struggle
is
Impending.
In
December
last
two
important
meetings
of
manufacturers
and
labor
employers
were
held;
one
in
Dayton,
0.,
the
other
in
Chicago,
Ill.
The
proceedings
at
Dayton
and
the
object
of
the
meeting
are
thus
described
in
the
daily
press-
"A
resolution
was
adopted
asking
Congress
not
to
indorse
the
eight-hour
bill,
when
that
document
comes
up
for
action.
Another
resolution
requests
all
employers'
associations
through
out
the
country
to
affiliate
with
the
national
body.
Against
Union
Label
"The
determined
stand
to
be
taken
by
the
association
is
indi
cated
in
the
passage
of
a
resolution
instructing
all
members
of
employers'
associations
affiliated
with
the
national
body
not
to
place
the
union
label
on
any
of
their
output.
"It
is
proposed
also
to
establish
a
labor
information
bureau,
where
will
be
kept
a
tabulated
record
of
all
law-breaking
and
undesirable
workmen.
"The
present
methods
employed
by
unions
in
conducting
a
boycott
were
bitterly
denounced.
"A
bureau
of
organization.
publication,
and
education
will
likely
be
located
at
Dayton,
although
the
headquarters
will
be
at
Indianapolis.
Vou. XXV ALLEGHENY, PA., JANUARY 15, 1904 No. 2 VIEWS FROM THE WATCH TOWER EMPLOYERS OF LABOR AGITATING These are the Conditions We have been Announcing Since 1875, as Evidences that We are in the Great ‘‘Day of the Lord’’ and that its Battle or Struggie is Impending. In December last two important meetings of manufacturers and labor employers were held; one in Dayton, O., the other in Chicago, Ill. The proceedings at Dayton and the object of the meeting are thus described in the daily press— “A resolution was adopted asking Congress not to indorse the eight-hour bill, when that document comes up for action. Another resolution requests all employers’ associations throughout the country to affiliate with the national body. Against Union Label “The determined stand to be taken by the association is indicated in the passage of a resolution instructing all members of employers’ associations affiliated with the national body not to place the union label on any of their output. “It is proposed also to establish a labor information bureau, where will be kept a tabulated record of all law-breaking and undesirable workmen. “The present methods employed by unions in conducting a boycott were bitterly denounced. “A bureau of organization, publication, and education will likely be located at Dayton, although the headquarters will be at Indianapolis. Platform Adopted “The following platform was adopted as an open letter to the public and affiliated associations: “Resolved, by the executive committee of the Citizens’ Industrial Association of America, that the present industrial conditions have become so deplorable by reason of the indefensible methods and claims of organized labor that the time has come when the employing interests and good citizenship of the country must take immediate and effective measures to reaffirm and enforce these fundamental principles of American government guaranteeing free competitive conditions, “In its demand for the closed shop organized labor is seeking to overthrow individual liberty and property rights, the principal props of our government. Its methods for securing this revolutionary and socialistic change in our institutions are also those of physical warfare. Because of this warfare the industrial interests of the nation during the last years have been injured to an irreparable degree. Many firms have been driven into bankruptcy, and the cases are innumerable in which workingmen have been disabled and even murdered, while numerous families have been rendered destitute by reason of the tyranny and seditious attacks upon society by the strike organizations. ‘Condition of Anarchy’’ “A condition of anarchy has existed continuously in some States for months past, and, in fact, the acta of lawlessness committed under the sacred name of labor are of such frequent recurrence that the public sense of their enormity has become blunted. The period of great prosperity brought about by the unrestricted operation of the law of supply and demand is also being destroyed by the acts of violence of organized labor, and as a result we are now confronted with the possibility of a period of depression. “While we most emphatically object to being classed as enemies of organizations of labor that are conducted upon Jawful and beneficent lines, yet we are unalterably opposed to the present programme of violence, boycotting, and tyranny now being carried out by the majority of labor unions. ‘We therefore urge the rapid organization of those who believe in the maintenance of law and order and the perpetuation of our free institutions, to the end that they may wield their full and proper influence upon the destinies of the nation. Since organizations exist for the apparent purpose of defying law and common sense, and are able to intimidate and influence public men and municipal authorities, there is no alternative left to those who desire to preserve bearable conditions in our body politic than that of forming counter organizations. ‘It is only through the machinery of organization that we can hope to exercise a potent and salutary influence over public thought and the conduct of public officials, to the end that the rights of American citizenship can be assured to free and independent labor, the rights of property protected and legislation of a socialistic nature prevented from being enacted into law.” Strong Words at the Chicago Session. Bloodshed Predicted “Tf the fight for the closed shop is allowed to continue there will be scenes of bloodshed in this country that will surpass the days of the French revolution. The closed shop is un-American, unrighteous, a restriction of liberties of our people, and a death blow to the individualism that makes for success.” [3303] The foregoing sentiment, expressed by W. B. Brinton, president of the Peru Plow Company, was cheered by 600 members of the Illinois Manufacturers’ Association at their annual banquet. “Our rights,’ declared Mr. Brinton, “are dependent on the settlement of the question once for all as to whether an employer can hire whom he pleases without being subject to the dictation of any organized body. The Chicago City Railway has won a great victory in establishing its right to engage its own employees. Without this right, which is becoming recognized by the great mass of people, the commercial supremacy of the United States will be at an end.” FERTILIZING SOIL WITH BACTERIA Because we are in the dawning of the Millenium, the Lord is graciously lifting the curtain and letting in the light upon one subject after another.—to prepare for the great blessings of that glorious time and its re-awakened billions of humanity. From this standpoint the following article from the Literary Digest will be read with interest. It shows one of the ways the Lord’s promises may be expected to be fulfilled and cause the wilderness to blossom as the rose. And every evidence of the kind adds to our general faith in our Father’s willingness and ability to do all that he has spoken by the mouths of all his holy prophets since the world began. The article follows:— Soil that will not bear crops is suffering from starvation. This may be remedied by properly “feeding” it with fertilizers; but in certain cases the trouble may also be cured, like some diseases, by inoculation. In other words, goil deficient in nitrogenous matter may he treated with cultures of certain bacteria that enable plants to absorb and utilize atmospheric nitrogen, as has been shown in Germany by Professor Nobbe. Fertilizing material sufficient for an acre may now be purchased in a small] glass bottle. Ray Stannard Baker tells in Harper's Magazine just how this discovery was made and how it has becn utilized. According to Mr. Baker, it had its beginning in the earlier discovery that plants are fed largely from substances in the air and from consequent study of the problem of how the plant is able to appropriate this aerial food. Says the writer: “The chief chemical elements in all vegetable substances are oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. .... Nitrogen is the all-important element. Potassium and phosphorous are usually present in abundance, or they can be easily supplied in the form of wood-ashes and other fertilizers; but nitrogen is more expensive and more difficult to restore. Nitrogen is what makes the muscles and brain of a man; it is the essential element of all elements in the growth of animals and plants,.... If the world ever starves, it will be from lack of nitrogen; and yet if such starvation takes place, it will be in a world full of nitrogen. For there is not one of the elements more common than nitrogen, not one present around us in larger quantities. Four-fifths of every breath of air we breath is pure nitrogen—four-fifths of all the earth’s atmosphere is nitrogen. If mankind dies of nitrogen starvation, it will die with food everywhere about it and within it. “But unfortunately plants and animals are unable to take up nitrogen in its pure form as it appears in the air. It must be combined with hydrogen in the form of ammonia or in some nitrate. These facts have been well known to science for many years. At the same time it has been known, as a matter of experience among farmers, that when land is worn out by overcropping, with wheat or oats, for instance, both of which draw heavily on the earth’s nitrogen supply, certain other crops would still grow luxuriantly upon it, and that if these crops are left and plowed in, the fertility of the soil will be restored, and it will again produce large fields of wheat and other nitrogen-demanding plants. These restorative crops are clover, lupin, and other leguminous plants—a classification including beans and peas. Everyone who is at all familiar with farming operations has heard of seeding down an old field to clover, thereby restoring its fertility in a degree.” That this property of clover, beans, etc., is due to small nodules growing on their roots, and that these are produced by so-called “nitrifying” bacteria, is now known to all students of scientific agriculture. Acting on this knowledge, Professor Nobbe has developed his plan for soil-inoculation. Says Mr. er: “Tf these nodules were produced by bacteria, then the bacteria must be present in the soil; and if they were not present, would it not be possible to supply them by artificial means? In other words, if soil, even worn-out farm soil—or, indeed, pure sand, like that of the seashore—could thus be inoculated, as a physician inoculates 2 guinea pig with anthrax germs, would (19-20)
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