Publication date
6/15/05
Volume
26
Number
12
The WatchTower
Remarkable Chronological Parallels--A Letter from Dr. J. Edgar
The Watchtower Magazines
/../literature/watchtower/1905/12/1905-12-1.html
 
 
VOL. 
XXVI 
ALLEG 
HENY, 
PA., 
JUNE 
15, 
1905 
No. 
12 
REMARKABLE 
CHRONOLOGICAL 
PARALLELS 
KING 
JOSIAH 
The 
period 
of 
the 
good 
King 
Josiah's 
activity 
extended 
from 
651 
till 
641, 
and 
consisted 
of 
a 
cleansing 
and 
reforming 
work. 
It 
ended 
in 
641 
with 
the 
finding 
of 
the 
Book 
of 
the 
Law 
and 
the 
celebration 
of 
the 
Great 
Passover. 
The 
parallel 
period 
in 
the 
Gospel 
age 
was 
from 
1869 
till 
1879, 
the 
period 
when 
most 
of 
your 
cleansing 
and 
reforming 
work 
was 
done. 
So 
far 
~s 
I 
can 
gath«:r, 
it 
was 
about 
1869 
that 
you 
began 
to 
inquire 
mto 
the 
teachmg 
of 
the 
creeds 
and 
of 
the 
Scriptures, 
and 
it 
was 
in 
1879 
tha,t 
you 
founded 
ZION'S 
WATCH 
TOWER, 
for 
the 
purpose 
of 
upholding 
the 
doctrine 
of 
the 
ransom 
in 
all 
its 
ful­ 
ness 
against 
the 
attacks 
of 
Mr. 
Barbour 
and 
others, 
and 
of 
announcing 
the 
Great 
Passover, 
the 
resurrection 
of 
the 
"dead 
in 
Christ" 
in 
the 
year 
1878 
A. 
D. 
and 
the 
passing-over 
of 
the 
feet­ 
members 
since 
that 
date 
at 
the 
moment 
of 
death. 
THE 
NUMBER 
FORTY 
When 
we 
turn 
back 
to 
the 
early 
history 
of 
the 
typical 
king­ 
dom, 
we 
find 
that 
Sa,ul, 
David 
and 
Solomon 
each 
reigned 
40 
years. 
It 
is 
clear 
that 
the 
reign 
()f 
Saul 
represents 
the 
Jewish 
age, 
that 
of 
David 
the 
Gospel 
age, 
and 
that 
of 
Solomon 
the 
Millennial 
age. 
The 
fact 
that 
the 
duration 
of 
each 
reign 
was 
40 
years 
indicates 
that 
it 
represented 
a 
complete 
period 
of 
test­ 
ing 
and 
sifting. 
This 
would 
appear 
to 
be 
the 
thought 
underly­ 
ing 
the 
number 
40 
in 
all 
the 
instances 
in 
which 
it 
is 
used 
in 
the 
Scriptures. 
For 
instance, 
there 
were 
the 
40 
years' 
tempta­ 
tion 
of 
the 
children 
of 
Israel 
in 
the 
wilderness, 
Christ's 
40 
days' 
temptation, 
etc. 
They 
all 
seem 
to 
foreshadow 
the 
40 
years 
of 
harvest 
at 
the 
end 
of 
the 
Jewish, 
of 
the 
Gospel, 
and 
(possibly) 
of 
the 
Millennial 
ages. 
THREE 
DAYS 
AND 
THREE 
NIGHTS 
It 
is 
clear 
from 
the 
Scriptures 
that 
Jesus 
rose 
on 
the 
first 
day 
of 
the 
week 
(Mark 
16:2), 
and 
also 
that 
this 
was 
"the 
third 
day" 
after 
his 
death 
(Luke 
24:21, 
46; 
1 
Cor. 
15:4; 
also 
Lev. 
23: 
11 
) 
. 
It 
follows 
that 
he 
must 
have 
been 
crucified 
on 
a 
Friday. 
That 
this 
is 
of 
importance 
in 
estimating 
the 
dates 
of 
Jesus' 
birth 
and 
death, 
is 
pointed 
out 
in 
DAWN 
II., 
p. 
60. 
Some 
object 
to 
this 
that 
Jesus 
in 
saying 
(Matt. 
12:40) 
that 
he 
would 
be 
three 
days 
and 
three 
nights 
in 
the 
heart 
of 
the 
earth, 
contradicted 
the 
statement 
by 
the 
Apostle 
Paul 
that 
he 
rose 
on 
the 
third 
day. 
Those 
who 
reason 
in 
this 
way 
have 
failed 
to 
note 
that 
the 
phrase 
used 
by 
Jesus 
was 
purely 
idio­ 
matic, 
and 
implied 
that 
he 
would 
be 
in 
the 
heart 
of 
the 
earth 
"till 
the 
third 
day." 
'T'he 
proof 
of 
his 
is 
to 
be 
found 
in 
Esther 
4:16; 
5:1; 
Gen. 
42:17,18; 
2 
Obron. 
10:5, 
12. 
God 
is 
his 
own 
interpreter. 
THE 
YEAR 
OF 
JUBILEE 
I 
had 
always 
taken 
it 
for 
granted 
that 
the 
year 
of 
Jubilee 
was 
an 
ecclesiastical 
year; 
but 
on 
studying 
this 
subject 
re­ 
cently, 
I 
noticed 
that 
the 
trumpet 
was 
to 
sound 
on 
the 
day 
of 
atonement, 
the 
10th 
day 
of 
the 
7th 
month 
(Lev. 
25 
:9), 
and 
presumably, 
therefore, 
began 
on 
that 
day. 
Accordingly, 
the 
year 
of 
Jubilee 
was 
not 
an 
ecelesiastical 
year, 
i. 
e., 
from 
Spring 
to 
Spring, 
but 
a 
civil 
year 
from 
Autumn 
to 
Autumn. 
As 
every 
7th 
year 
was 
a 
Sa,bbath 
year, 
it 
follows 
that 
the 
49th 
year 
was 
a. 
Sabbath 
year. 
It 
would 
seem 
as 
if 
these 
were 
ecclesiastical 
years. 
If 
so, 
then 
the 
Jubilee 
year 
lx¥ran 
in 
the 
middle 
of 
the 
49th 
year. 
But 
it 
was 
called 
the 
50th 
year! 
Should 
one 
reason 
from 
this 
that 
it 
was 
called 
the 
50th 
yea.r 
because 
it 
was 
the 
50th 
civil 
year? 
The 
entrance 
into 
Canaan 
took 
place 
in 
the 
Springtime 
at 
the 
beginning 
of 
an 
ecclesiasti­ 
cal 
year. 
Six 
months 
afterwards 
their 
2nd 
civil 
yea,r 
began, 
while 
it 
was 
<still 
the 
middle 
of 
the 
1st 
ecclesiastical 
year. 
Con­ 
sequently, 
their 
50th 
civil 
year 
began, 
while 
it 
was 
still 
the 
middle 
of 
their 
49th 
ecclesiastical 
year. 
If 
this 
be 
in 
the 
inter­ 
pretation, 
it 
is 
evident 
that 
the 
land 
had 
rest 
on 
these 
occa­ 
sions, 
not 
two 
years, 
but 
only 
eighteen 
months. 
It 
would 
seem 
as 
if 
this 
were 
a 
wise 
provision 
of 
the 
Mo­ 
saic 
Law. 
It 
provided 
that 
at 
the 
beginning 
of 
each 
year 
of 
JubileE', 
owing 
to 
the 
suspension 
of 
work 
on 
the 
land 
during 
the 
previous 
six 
months, 
the 
restitution 
of 
all 
things 
was 
ren­ 
dered 
easier 
of 
accomplishment; 
and 
also 
after 
the 
Jubilee 
THE 
2300 
DAYS 
OF 
DANIEL 
was 
over, 
and 
each 
had 
returned 
to 
his 
own 
land, 
an 
opportu- 
The 
year 
1846 
A. 
D., 
which 
ended 
the 
2300 
days 
of 
Daniel, 
nity 
was 
given 
to 
him 
to 
prepare 
the 
land 
and 
get 
his 
crop 
has 
been 
shown 
in 
DAWN, 
Vol. 
III., 
to 
be 
the 
date 
of 
the 
cleans- 
ready 
for 
the 
Spring 
harvest 
and 
the 
celebration 
of 
the 
Pass­ 
ing 
of 
the 
sanctuary. 
The 
corresponding 
date 
in 
the 
typical 
over 
and 
of 
Pentecost. 
(179-180) 
[3574] 
BY 
J. 
EDGAR, 
M.D., 
AN 
EMINENT 
SURGEON, 
OF 
SCOTLAND 
DEAR 
BROTIIElt 
RUSSELL 
:-The 
Lord 
has 
enabled 
me 
to 
see 
kingdom 
was 
674 
B. 
C. 
I 
cannot 
find 
this 
date 
specified 
di­ 
another 
remarkable 
confirmation 
of 
the 
Parallel 
Dispensations, 
rectly 
in 
the 
history 
of 
the 
typical 
kingdom, 
but 
it 
is 
significant 
teaching 
that 
1914 
A. 
D. 
is 
the 
date 
when 
Christendom 
will 
lose 
that 
at 
this 
time 
the 
wicked 
King 
l\Ianasseh 
had 
reigned 
42 
its 
crown, 
will 
be 
finally 
overthrown, 
and 
when 
he, 
"whose 
out 
of 
his 
total 
55 
years, 
674 
B. 
C., 
therefore, 
probably 
corre· 
right 
it 
is," 
will 
take 
his 
power 
and 
reign. 
sponds 
to 
the 
date 
of 
his 
repentance 
and 
consequent 
cieansing 
We 
recognize 
that 
the 
kingdom 
of 
fleshly 
Israel 
typified 
of 
the 
sanctuary. 
Christendom 
in 
many 
respects. 
Two 
prominent 
events, 
the 
di­ 
vision 
of 
the 
kingdom 
into 
Judah 
and 
Israel 
and 
its 
final 
over· 
throw 
as 
a 
kingdom, 
were 
undoubtedly 
types, 
the 
former 
of 
the 
division 
of 
Christendom 
at 
the 
time 
of 
the 
Reformation, 
the 
latter 
of 
its 
final 
overthrow. 
The 
remarkable 
feature 
which 
has 
now 
come 
to 
light 
is 
that 
we 
have 
in 
this 
a 
time-parallel. 
Under 
Saul, 
David 
and 
Solomon, 
the 
typical 
kinO'dom 
was 
undivided 
for 
the 
space 
of 
120 
years. 
DAWN 
II.," 
page 
50, 
shows 
that 
the 
whole 
period 
of 
the 
kings, 
including 
these 
three, 
was 
513 
ypars. 
The 
length 
of 
time, 
therefore, 
from 
the 
division 
of 
the 
typical 
kingdom 
on 
the 
death 
of 
Solomon 
till 
the 
re­ 
moval 
of 
the 
crown 
from 
Zedekiah 
was 
513 
minus 
120, 
equal 
to 
393 
years. 
The 
date 
of 
the 
division 
of 
Christendom 
into 
Papaey 
a.nd 
Protestantism 
was 
1521 
A. 
D. 
Therefore, 
393 
years 
later, 
i. 
e., 
in 
1914 
A. 
D., 
we 
should 
ex,pect 
the 
final 
over­ 
throw 
of 
"Christendom." 
The 
evidence 
that 
1521 
A. 
D. 
is 
the 
date 
when 
the 
split 
into 
Papacy 
and 
Protestantism 
occurred 
is 
clear. 
In 
June, 
1520, 
Luther 
received 
from 
Pope 
Leo 
X. 
the 
first 
bull 
of 
ex­ 
communication, 
commanding 
him 
to 
confess 
his 
faults 
within 
sixty 
days, 
or 
be 
cast 
out 
of 
the 
church. 
On 
loth 
December, 
1520 
(the 
third 
month 
of 
the 
year 
1521 
by 
the 
Jewish 
mode 
of 
reckoning), 
Luther 
publicly 
burnt 
this 
bull 
with 
a 
coPy 
of 
the 
Canon 
Law, 
and 
on 
4th 
.January, 
1521, 
the 
second 
bull 
was 
is­ 
sued 
expelling 
him 
from 
the 
Romish 
church. 
Blackie's 
Modern 
Cyclopedia 
states 
with 
regard 
to 
this: 
"From 
this 
time 
Luther 
formally 
sepa.rated 
from 
the 
Roman 
church, 
and 
many 
of 
the 
principal 
German 
nobles, 
the 
most 
eminent 
seholars, 
and 
the 
University 
of 
Wittemberg, 
publicly 
declared 
in 
favor 
of 
the 
re­ 
formed 
doctrines 
and 
discipline. 
Luther's 
bold 
refusal 
to 
re­ 
cant 
at 
the 
Diet 
of 
Worms 
(17th 
April, 
1521) 
gave 
him 
in­ 
creased 
power, 
while 
the 
Edict 
of 
Worms 
and 
the 
ba,n 
of 
the 
Emperor 
made 
his 
cause 
a 
political 
matter." 
THE 
TIME 
OF 
THE 
END 
MILLENNIAL 
DAWN, 
Vol. 
III., 
proves 
from 
a 
study 
of 
Daniel's 
prophecy 
of 
the 
1260 
days 
that 
the 
Time 
of 
the 
End 
is 
a 
period 
of 
115 
years, 
beginning 
with 
1799 
and 
ending 
with 
1914 
A. 
D. 
Wondering 
whE'ther 
there 
might 
be 
a 
time-parallel 
here 
also, 
I 
reckoned 
back 
115 
years 
from 
606 
B. 
C., 
and 
reached 
the 
year 
721 
B. 
C. 
as 
corresponding 
with 
the 
year 
1799 
A. 
D. 
This 
date 
I 
found 
to 
be 
exactly 
five 
years 
before 
the 
death 
of 
King 
Hezekiah. 
Isaiah 
38: 
5 
tells 
us 
that 
the 
date 
of 
Heze· 
kiah's 
"bickne8<S 
unto 
death," 
from 
which 
he 
miraculously 
re­ 
covered, 
was 
fiftE'en 
years 
prior 
to 
his 
death, 
and 
was, 
there­ 
fore, 
ten 
yearR 
before 
thE' 
date 
721 
B. 
C., 
or, 
in 
other 
words, 
125 
years 
before 
606 
B. 
C. 
Reckoning 
a 
similar 
period 
back 
from 
1914 
A. 
D. 
brings 
us 
to 
1789 
A. 
D., 
the 
year 
of 
the 
French 
Revolution, 
from 
which 
Christendom 
recovered, 
though 
it 
must 
have 
seemed 
to 
be 
a 
"sickness 
unto 
death." 
We 
are 
told 
that, 
after 
his 
recovery, 
HezE'kiah 
gave 
way 
once 
more 
to 
his 
vain-glory 
and 
received 
the 
Babylonian 
am­ 
basRadors, 
just 
as 
France 
once 
more 
favored 
Papacy. 
We 
also 
read 
that 
he 
afterwards 
lE'd 
water 
into 
Jerusalem 
for 
the 
re­ 
freshing 
of 
the 
Lord's 
people. 
This 
Reems 
to 
shadow 
forth 
the 
founding 
of 
the 
various 
Bible 
Societies 
at 
the 
beginning 
of 
the 
last 
century, 
mentioned 
in 
DAWN 
III., 
page 
51. 
THE 
SUN-DIAL 
OF 
AHAZ 
What 
struck 
me 
in 
examining 
the 
above 
was 
that 
the 
year 
of 
the 
French 
Revolution, 
typified 
by 
Hezekiah's 
sickness, 
was 
ten 
yenrs 
back 
from 
the 
end 
of 
the 
1260 
days 
of 
Daniel, 
the 
beginning- 
of 
the 
Time 
of 
the 
End. 
Can 
it 
be 
that 
the 
sign 
of 
the 
sun-dial 
given 
to 
Hezekiah 
(Isa. 
38: 
7, 
8, 
22) 
should 
be 
takE'n 
aR 
a 
prophecy 
of 
this, 
the 
ten 
degreE'S 
(or 
steps, 
R. 
V.) 
representing 
ten 
years? 
Did 
the 
sign 
indicate 
symbolically 
that, 
jURt 
as 
the 
shadow 
on 
the 
sun-dial, 
on 
account 
of 
Heze­ 
kiah's 
repentance, 
was 
set 
back 
ten 
steps, 
so 
the 
date 
of 
the 
French 
Revolution 
would 
be 
set 
back 
ten 
years, 
i. 
e., 
that 
after 
this 
revolution 
would 
break 
out 
in 
1789 
A. 
D., 
ten 
years 
would 
require 
to 
elapse 
before 
the 
beginning- 
of 
thf 
Time 
of 
the 
End? 
The 
fact 
that 
the 
prophet 
Isaiah 
immediately 
proceeds 
(ch. 
40) 
to 
refer 
to 
this 
Time 
of 
the 
End 
would 
seem 
to 
support 
this 
view. 
VoL. XXVI ALLEGHENY, PA., JUNE 15, 1905 No. 12 REMARKABLE CHRONOLOGICAL PARALLELS BY J. Epaap, M.D., AN EMINENT SURGEON, OF SCOTLAND Dear BrotuEr RusseLL:—The Lord has enabled me to see another remarkable confirmation of the Paralle] Dispensations, teaching that 1914 A. D. is the date when Christendom will lose its crown, will be finally overthrown, and when he, “whose right it is,” will take his power and reign. We recognize that the kingdom of fleshly Israel typified Christendom in many respects. Two prominent events, the division of the kingdom into Judah and Israel and its final overthrow as a kingdom, were undoubtedly types, the former of the division of Christendom at the time of the Reformation, the latter of its final overthrow. The remarkable feature which has now come to light is that we have in this a time-parallel. Under Saul, David and Solomon, the typical kingdom was undivided for the space of 120 years. DAwn II., page 50, shows that the whole period of the kings, including these three, was 513 years. The length of time, therefore, from the division of the typical kingdom on the death of Solomon till the removal of the crown from Zedekiah was 513 minus 120, equal to 393 years. The date of the division of Christendom into Papacy and Protestantism was 1521 A.D. Therefore, 393 years later, i. e., in 1914 A. D., we should expect the final overthrow of “Christendom.” The evidence that 1521 A.D. is the date when the split into Papacy and Protestantism occurred is clear. In June, 1520, Luther received from Pope Leo X. the first bull of excommunication, commanding him to confess his faults within sixty days, or be cast out of the church. On 10th December, 1520 (the third month of the year 1521 by the Jewish mode of reckoning), Luther publicly burnt this bull with a copy of the Canon Law, and on 4th January, 1521, the second bull was issued expelling him from the Romish church. Blackie’s Modern Cyclopedia states with regard to this: “From this time Luther formally separated from the Roman church, and many of the principal German nobles, the most eminent scholars, and the University of Wittemberg, publicly declared in favor of the reformed doctrines and discipline. Luther’s bold refusal to recant at the Diet of Worms (17th April, 1521) gave him increased power, while the Edict of Worms and the ban of the Emperor made his cause a political matter.” THE TIME OF THE END MrLenntaL Dawn, Vol. U1, proves from a study of Daniel’s prophecy of the 1260 days that the Time of the End is a period of 115 years, beginning with 1799 and ending with 1914 A.D. Wondering whether there might be a time-parallel here also, I reckoned back 115 years from 606 B. C., and reached the year 721 B.C. as corresponding with the year 1799 A.D. This date I found to be exactly five years before the death of King Hezekiah. Isaiah 38:5 tells us that the date of Hezekiah’s “sickness unto death,” from which he miraculously recovered, was fifteen years prior to his death, and was, therefore, ten years before the date 721 B.C., or, in other words, 125 years before 606 B.C. Reckoning a similar period back from 1914 A.D. brings us to 1789 A.D., the year of the French Revolution, from which Christendom recovered, though it must have seemed to be a “sickness unto death.” We are told that, after his recovery, Hezekiah gave way onee more to his vain-glory and received the Babylonian ambassadors, just as France once more favored Papacy. We also read that he afterwards led water into Jerusalem for the refreshing of the Lord’s people. This seems to shadow forth the founding of the various Bible Societies at the beginning of the last century, mentioned in DAWN I1., page 51. THE SUN-DIAL OF AHAZ What struck me in examining the above was that the year of the French Revolution, typified by Hezekiah’s sickness, was ten years back from the end of the 1260 days of Daniel, the beginning of the Time of the End. Can it be that the sign of the sun-dial given to Hezekiah (Isa. 38:7, 8, 22) should be taken as a, prophecy of this, the ten degrees (or steps, R. V.) representing ten years? Did the sign indicate symbolically that, just as the shadow on the sun-dial, on account of Hezekiah’s repentance, was set back ten steps, so the date of the French Revolution would be set. back ten years, i. e., that after this revolution would break out in 1789 A. D., ten years would require to elapse before the beginning of the Time of the End? The fact that the prophet Isaiah immediately proceeds (ch. 40) to refer to this Time of the End would seem to support this view. THE 2300 DAYS OF DANIEL The year 1846 A. D., which ended the 2300 days of Daniel, has been shown in Dawn, Vol. III., to be the date of the cleansing of the sanctuary. The corresponding date in the typical (179-180) kingdom was 674 B.C. I cannot find this date specified directly in the history of the typical kingdom, but it is significant that at this time the wicked King Manasseh had reigned 42 out of his total 55 years, 674 B.C., therefore, probably corresponds to the date of his repentance and consequent cleansing of the sanctuary. KING JOSIAH The period of the good King Josiah’s activity extended from 651 till 641, and consisted of a cleansing and reforming work. It ended in 641 with the finding of the Book of the Law and the celebration of the Great Passover. The parallel period in the Gospel age was from 1869 till 1879, the period when most of your cleansing and reforming work was done. So far as I can gather, it was about 1869 that you began to inquire into the teaching of the creeds and of the Scriptures, and it was in 1879 that you founded Zion’s Watcu Tower, for the purpose of upholding the doctrine of the ransom in all its fulness against the attacks of Mr. Barbour and others, and of announcing the Great Passover, the resurrection of the “dead in Christ” in the year 1878 A.D. and the passing-over of the feetmembers since that date at the moment of death. THE NUMBER FORTY When we turn back to the early history of the typical kingdom, we find that Saul, David and Solomon each reigned 40 years. It is clear that the reign of Saul represents the Jewish age, that of David the Gospel age, and that of Solomon the illennial age. The fact that the duration of each reign was 40 years indicates that it represented a complete period of testing and sifting. This would appear to be the thought underlying the number 40 in all the instances in which it is used in the Scriptures. For instance, there were the 40 years’ temptation of the children of Israel in the wilderness, Christ’s 40 days’ temptation, etc. They all seem to foreshadow the 40 years of harvest at the end of the Jewish, of the Gospel, and (possibly) of the Millennial ages. THREE DAYS AND THREE NIGHTS It is clear from the Scriptures that Jesus rose on the first day of the week (Mark 16:2), and also that this was “the third day” after his death (Luke 24:21, 46; 1 Cor. 15:4; also Lev. 23:11). It follows that he must have been crucified on a Friday. That this is of importance in estimating the dates of Jesus’ birth and death, is pointed out in DAWN IL, p. 60. Some object to this that Jesus in saying (Matt. 12:40) that he would be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth, contradicted the statement by the Apostle Paul that he rose on the third day. Those who reason in this way have failed to note that the phrase used by Jesus was purely idiomatic, and implied that he would be in the heart of the earth “till the third day.” The proof of his is to be found in Esther 4:16; 5:1; Gen. 42:17, 18; 2 Chron. 10:5, 12. God is his own interpreter. THE YEAR OF JUBILEE I had always taken it for granted that the year of Jubilee was an ecclesiastical year; but on studying this subject recently, I noticed that the trumpet was to sound on the day of atonement, the 10th day of the 7th month (Lev. 25:9), and presumably, therefore, began on that day. Accordingly, the year of Jubilee was not an ecclesiastical year, i. e., from Spring to Spring, but a civil year from Autumn to Autumn. As every 7th year was a Sabbath year, it follows that the 49th year was a Sabbath year. It would seem as if these were ecclesiastical years. If so, then the Jubilee year began in the middle of the 49th year. But it was called the 50th year! Should one reason from this that it was called the 50th year because it was the 50th civil year? The entrance into Canaan took place in the Springtime at the beginning of an ecclesiastical year. Six months afterwards their 2nd civil year began, while it was still the middle of the 1st ecclesiastical year. Consequently, their 50th civil year began, while it was still the middle of their 49th ecclesiastical year. If this be in the interpretation, it is evident that the land had rest on these occasions, not two years, but only eighteen months. It would seem as if this were a wise provision of the Mosaic Law. It provided that at the beginning of each year of Jubilee, owing to the suspension of work on the land during the previous six months, the restitution of all things was rendered easier of accomplishment; and also after the Jubilee was over, and each had returned to his own land, an opportunity was given to him to prepare the land and get his crop ready for the Spring harvest and the celebration of the Passover and of Pentecost. [3574]

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